{"id":17249,"date":"2021-10-20T16:03:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T16:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pragmandt.com\/pressure-vessels\/"},"modified":"2024-01-29T16:13:44","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T16:13:44","slug":"pressure-vessels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pragmandt.com\/fr\/pressure-vessels\/","title":{"rendered":"Application – R\u00e9servoirs sous pression"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Application<\/span>\u00a0> R\u00e9servoirs sous pression<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u00e9servoirs sous pression<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

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Solution compl\u00e8te pour l\u2019inspection de r\u00e9servoirs sous pression<\/span><\/h6>\n

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Contexte<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Les r\u00e9servoirs sous pression peuvent \u00eatre des chaudi\u00e8res, des \u00e9changeurs de chaleur ou des r\u00e9acteurs, par exemple. Leurs soudures sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es selon des normes de fabrication \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre aux exigences de sp\u00e9cifications reconnues. Quelle que soit le type de r\u00e9servoir sous pression, il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019effectuer des tests non destructifs pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de son cycle de vie. Les m\u00e9thodes d\u2019inspection varient, mais pour le contr\u00f4le volum\u00e9trique des soudures, la radiographie s’est impos\u00e9e comme une solution privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e depuis de nombreuses d\u00e9cennies.<\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00e9fis<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la technique des ultrasons phased array (PAUT) et de la TOFD ont remplac\u00e9 la radiographie en termes de productivit\u00e9 et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. En ce qui concerne l’inspection volum\u00e9trique des r\u00e9servoir sous pression, ces deux techniques peuvent aborder chaque configuration de soudure avec tr\u00e8s peu de limitations, un avantage par rapport \u00e0 la radiographie. Une des proc\u00e9dures les plus complexes de ce type est le balayage des embouts (nozzles) avec encodage de donn\u00e9es sur 3 axes. Notre logiciel Pragma3D prend en charge l\u2019encodage sur 3 axes et restitue toutes les donn\u00e9es avec une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 absolue en termes de positionnement r\u00e9el des d\u00e9fauts, quelles que soient les inclinaisons et les d\u00e9calages de la sonde. Cette capacit\u00e9 est cruciale notamment pour l’industrie nucl\u00e9aire, o\u00f9 la r\u00e9p\u00e9tabilit\u00e9, la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et la pr\u00e9cision absolue sont d’une importance capitale.
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Notre logiciel peut m\u00eame prendre en compte le mat\u00e9riau de rev\u00eatement CRA avec diff\u00e9rentes vitesses et valeurs d’att\u00e9nuation, pour dimensionner avec pr\u00e9cision tous les d\u00e9fauts n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation technique critique.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tubes de chaudi\u00e8re<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Historiquement, la radiographie a \u00e9t\u00e9 la norme pour le contr\u00f4le volum\u00e9trique de ces soudures. Cela impliquait \u00e9videmment des risques pour les op\u00e9rateurs effectuant les tests et, dans le cas de tests pendant la phase de maintenance, des dangers pour le personnel de toute l\u2019installation. Les composants plus \u00e9pais posaient \u00e9galement un probl\u00e8me significatif, car la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l’image se d\u00e9gradait \u00e0 mesure que la distance jusqu’au film augmentait. Comme aucune technique disponible \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque ne garantissait une tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 compl\u00e8te et un enregistrement permanent des tests, la radiographie \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la seule possibilit\u00e9, quelles que soient ses limitations.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Balayage des embouts<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Historiquement, la radiographie a \u00e9t\u00e9 la norme pour le contr\u00f4le volum\u00e9trique de ces soudures. Cela impliquait \u00e9videmment des risques pour les op\u00e9rateurs effectuant les tests et, dans le cas de tests pendant la phase de maintenance, des dangers pour le personnel de toute l\u2019installation. Les composants plus \u00e9pais posaient \u00e9galement un probl\u00e8me significatif, car la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l’image se d\u00e9gradait \u00e0 mesure que la distance jusqu’au film augmentait. Comme aucune technique disponible \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque ne garantissait une tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 compl\u00e8te et un enregistrement permanent des tests, la radiographie \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la seule possibilit\u00e9, quelles que soient ses limitations.<\/span><\/p>\n

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