{"id":17306,"date":"2021-09-09T00:13:40","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T00:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pragmandt.com\/technologies-eddy-current\/"},"modified":"2024-01-24T16:58:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T16:58:30","slug":"technologies-eddy-current","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pragmandt.com\/fr\/technologies-eddy-current\/","title":{"rendered":"Technologies – Courants de Foucault"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Technologies<\/a><\/span> > Courants de Foucault<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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Courants de Foucault<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

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M\u00e9thode de test non destructif de surface et de sous-surface<\/span><\/h6>\n

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Tests par courants de Foucault<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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L’inspection par courants de Foucault est extr\u00eamement polyvalente, ce qui est \u00e0 la fois un avantage et un inconv\u00e9nient. L\u2019avantage est que la m\u00e9thode peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes d’inspection, \u00e0 condition que les exigences physiques du mat\u00e9riau soient compatibles avec la m\u00e9thode d’inspection. Cependant, dans de nombreuses applications, la sensibilit\u00e9 de la m\u00e9thode aux nombreuses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et caract\u00e9ristiques inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 un mat\u00e9riau peut \u00eatre un inconv\u00e9nient. Certaines variables dans un mat\u00e9riau qui ne sont pas importantes en termes de fonctionnalit\u00e9 peuvent provoquer des signaux qui masquent des variables critiques, ou sont interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 tort comme \u00e9tant caus\u00e9s par des variables critiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Principe physique<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Lors de l’inspection par courants de Foucault, ces derniers cr\u00e9ent leur propre champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique, qui peut \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9 soit par les effets du champ sur la bobine d’excitation primaire, soit au moyen d’un capteur ind\u00e9pendant. Dans les mat\u00e9riaux non ferromagn\u00e9tiques, le champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique secondaire provient exclusivement des courants de Foucault. Cependant, avec les mat\u00e9riaux ferromagn\u00e9tiques, des effets magn\u00e9tiques suppl\u00e9mentaires se produisent, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d’une ampleur suffisante pour \u00e9clipser les effets de champ provoqu\u00e9s par les courants de Foucault induits. Bien qu’ind\u00e9sirables, ces effets magn\u00e9tiques suppl\u00e9mentaires r\u00e9sultent de la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 magn\u00e9tique du mat\u00e9riau inspect\u00e9 et peuvent normalement \u00eatre \u00e9limin\u00e9s en magn\u00e9tisant le mat\u00e9riau jusqu’\u00e0 saturation dans un champ magn\u00e9tique statique (courant continu).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Conductivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Tous les mat\u00e9riaux ont une r\u00e9sistance caract\u00e9ristique \u00e0 la circulation de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Ceux ayant la plus grande r\u00e9sistance sont class\u00e9s comme isolants, ceux ayant une r\u00e9sistance interm\u00e9diaire sont class\u00e9s comme semi-conducteurs, et ceux ayant une faible r\u00e9sistance sont class\u00e9s comme conducteurs. Les conducteurs, qui incluent la plupart des m\u00e9taux, suscitent le plus d’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l’inspection par courants de Foucault. La conductivit\u00e9 relative des m\u00e9taux communs et des alliages varie grandement.<\/span><\/p>\n

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La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 conduire le courant peut \u00eatre mesur\u00e9e en termes de conductivit\u00e9 ou de r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9. Dans l’inspection par courants de Foucault, on utilise fr\u00e9quemment une mesure bas\u00e9e sur la Norme internationale du cuivre recuit (IACS). Dans ce syst\u00e8me, la conductivit\u00e9 du cuivre recuit non alli\u00e9 est arbitrairement \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 100 %, et les conductivit\u00e9s des autres m\u00e9taux et alliages sont exprim\u00e9es en pourcentage de cette norme. Ainsi, la conductivit\u00e9 de l’aluminium non alli\u00e9 est \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 61 % de la norme IACS, soit 61 % de celle du cuivre non alli\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

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